GCC Code Coverage Report

Directory: ../
Coverage: low: ≥ 0% medium: ≥ 75.0% high: ≥ 90.0%
Coverage Exec / Excl / Total
Lines: 96.0% 359 / 0 / 374
Functions: 100.0% 33 / 0 / 33
Branches: 64.7% 494 / 0 / 764
src/typechecker/FunctionManager.cpp
Line Branch Exec Source
1 // Copyright (c) 2021-2026 ChilliBits. All rights reserved.
2
3 #include "FunctionManager.h"
4
5 #include <algorithm>
6 #include <limits>
7
8 #include <ast/ASTNodes.h>
9 #include <exception/SemanticError.h>
10 #include <model/GenericType.h>
11 #include <symboltablebuilder/Scope.h>
12 #include <symboltablebuilder/SymbolTableBuilder.h>
13 #include <typechecker/TypeChecker.h>
14 #include <typechecker/TypeMatcher.h>
15 #include <util/CodeLoc.h>
16 #include <util/Concurrency.h>
17 #include <util/CustomHashFunctions.h>
18
19 namespace spice::compiler {
20
21 // Static member initialization
22 std::unordered_map<uint64_t, Function *> FunctionManager::lookupCache = {};
23 size_t FunctionManager::lookupCacheHits = 0;
24 size_t FunctionManager::lookupCacheMisses = 0;
25
26 69810 Function *FunctionManager::insert(Scope *insertScope, const Function &baseFunction, std::vector<Function *> *nodeFunctionList) {
27 // Open a new manifestation list for the function definition
28
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 69810 const std::string fctId = baseFunction.name + ":" + baseFunction.declNode->codeLoc.toPrettyLineAndColumn();
29
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 69810 insertScope->functions.emplace(fctId, FunctionManifestationList());
30
31 // Collect substantiations
32 69810 std::vector<Function> manifestations;
33
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 69810 substantiateOptionalParams(baseFunction, manifestations);
34
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 69810 assert(!manifestations.empty());
35
36 // Save substantiations in declaration node
37 69810 Function *manifestationPtr = nullptr;
38
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 213035 for (const Function &manifestation : manifestations) {
39
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 73419 manifestationPtr = insertSubstantiation(insertScope, manifestation, baseFunction.declNode);
40
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 73415 assert(manifestationPtr != nullptr);
41
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 73415 if (nodeFunctionList)
42
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 73415 nodeFunctionList->push_back(manifestationPtr);
43 }
44
45
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 69806 if (!nodeFunctionList)
46 ✗ return manifestationPtr;
47
48
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 69806 assert(!nodeFunctionList->empty());
49 69806 return nodeFunctionList->front();
50 69814 }
51
52 /**
53 * Create definite functions from ambiguous ones, in regard to optional arguments.
54 *
55 * Example:
56 * int testFunc(string, int?, double?)
57 * gets
58 * int testFunc(string)
59 * int testFunc(string, int)
60 * int testFunc(string, int, double)
61 *
62 * This method also accepts functions, that are already definite, but does nothing to them.
63 *
64 * @param baseFunction Ambiguous base function
65 * @param manifestations Vector to store the definite manifestations
66 * @return True, if there were optional arguments found
67 */
68 69810 void FunctionManager::substantiateOptionalParams(const Function &baseFunction, std::vector<Function> &manifestations) {
69 // Handle the case of no parameters -> simply return the base function
70
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 69810 if (baseFunction.paramList.empty()) {
71
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 18585 manifestations.push_back(baseFunction);
72 18585 return;
73 }
74
75 51225 ParamList currentFunctionParamTypes;
76
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 51225 currentFunctionParamTypes.reserve(baseFunction.paramList.size());
77 51225 bool metFirstOptionalParam = false;
78
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 51225 Function manifestation = baseFunction;
79
80 // Loop over all parameters
81
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 188232 for (const auto &[qualType, isOptional] : baseFunction.paramList) {
82 // Check if we have a mandatory parameter
83
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 85782 if (!isOptional) {
84
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 82173 currentFunctionParamTypes.push_back({qualType, /*optional=*/false});
85 82173 continue;
86 }
87
88 // Add substantiation without the optional parameter
89
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 3609 if (!metFirstOptionalParam) {
90
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 3524 manifestation.paramList = currentFunctionParamTypes;
91
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 3524 manifestations.push_back(manifestation);
92 // Now we cannot accept mandatory parameters anymore
93 3524 metFirstOptionalParam = true;
94 }
95
96 // Add substantiation with the optional parameter
97
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 3609 currentFunctionParamTypes.push_back({qualType, /*optional=*/false});
98
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 3609 manifestation.paramList = currentFunctionParamTypes;
99
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 3609 manifestations.push_back(manifestation);
100 }
101
102 // Ensure at least once manifestation
103
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 51225 if (manifestations.empty())
104
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 47701 manifestations.push_back(baseFunction);
105 51225 }
106
107 461 Function FunctionManager::createMainFunction(SymbolTableEntry *entry, const QualTypeList &paramTypes, ASTNode *declNode) {
108 461 ParamList paramList;
109
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 938 for (const QualType &paramType : paramTypes)
110
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 16 paramList.push_back({paramType, false});
111
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 1383 return {MAIN_FUNCTION_NAME, entry, QualType(TY_DYN), QualType(TY_INT), paramList, {}, declNode};
112 461 }
113
114 /**
115 * Search all manifestation lists of the given scope for a function with the given signature
116 *
117 * @param scope Scope to search in
118 * @param signature Signature to search for
119 * @return Found function or nullptr
120 */
121 21257 Function *FunctionManager::findManifestationBySignature(Scope *scope, const std::string &signature) {
122
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 420160 for (auto &manifestations : scope->functions | std::views::values)
123
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 401140 if (const auto it = manifestations.find(signature); it != manifestations.end())
124 2237 return &it->second;
125 19020 return nullptr;
126 }
127
128 92439 Function *FunctionManager::insertSubstantiation(Scope *insertScope, const Function &newManifestation, const ASTNode *declNode) {
129
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 92439 assert(newManifestation.hasSubstantiatedParams());
130
131
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 92439 const std::string signature = newManifestation.getSignature(true, true, false, true);
132
133 // Check if the function exists already
134
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 1511331 for (const auto &manifestations : insertScope->functions | std::views::values) {
135
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 1418896 if (manifestations.contains(signature)) {
136
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 4 const SemanticErrorType errorType = newManifestation.isFunction() ? FUNCTION_DECLARED_TWICE : PROCEDURE_DECLARED_TWICE;
137
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 4 throw SemanticError(declNode, errorType, "'" + newManifestation.getSignature(true, false) + "' is declared twice");
138 }
139 }
140
141 // Retrieve the matching manifestation list of the scope
142
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 92435 const std::string fctId = newManifestation.name + ":" + declNode->codeLoc.toPrettyLineAndColumn();
143
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 92435 assert(insertScope->functions.contains(fctId));
144
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 92435 FunctionManifestationList &manifestationList = insertScope->functions.at(fctId);
145
146 // Add substantiated function
147
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 92435 manifestationList.emplace(signature, newManifestation);
148
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 184870 return &manifestationList.at(signature);
149 92439 }
150
151 /**
152 * Checks if a function exists by matching it, but not setting it to used
153 *
154 * @param matchScope Scope to match against
155 * @param reqName Function name requirement
156 * @param reqThisType This type requirement
157 * @param reqArgs Argument requirement
158 * @param strictQualifierMatching Match argument and this type qualifiers strictly
159 * @return Found function or nullptr
160 */
161 53620 const Function *FunctionManager::lookup(Scope *matchScope, const std::string &reqName, const QualType &reqThisType,
162 const ArgList &reqArgs, bool strictQualifierMatching) {
163
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 53620 assert(reqThisType.isOneOf({TY_DYN, TY_STRUCT}));
164
165 // Unlike match(), lookup() is also called from the IR generator (e.g. to find a copy ctor), so it can run on multiple
166 // threads at once and has to guard the process-wide lookup machinery.
167
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 53620 const ConditionalLock lock(symbolRegistryMutex);
168
169 // Do cache lookup
170 53620 const uint64_t cacheKey = getCacheKey(matchScope, reqName, reqThisType, reqArgs, {});
171
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 53620 if (const auto it = lookupCache.find(cacheKey); it != lookupCache.end()) {
172 14884 lookupCacheHits++;
173 14884 return it->second;
174 }
175 38736 lookupCacheMisses++;
176
177 14003 const auto pred = [&](const Arg &arg) { return arg.first.hasAnyGenericParts(); };
178
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 38736 const bool requestedFullySubstantiated = !reqThisType.hasAnyGenericParts() && std::ranges::none_of(reqArgs, pred);
179
180 // Loop over function registry to find functions, that match the requirements of the call
181 38736 std::vector<const Function *> matches;
182
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 322170 for (const auto &[defCodeLocStr, manifestations] : matchScope->functions) {
183
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 467464 for (const auto &[signature, presetFunction] : manifestations) {
184
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 339775 assert(presetFunction.hasSubstantiatedParams()); // No optional params are allowed at this point
185
186 // - search for concrete fct: Only match against fully substantiated versions to prevent double matching of a function
187 // - search for generic fct: Only match against generic preset functions
188
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 339775 if (presetFunction.isFullySubstantiated() != requestedFullySubstantiated)
189 184030 continue;
190
191 // Copy the function to be able to substantiate types
192
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 183031 Function candidate = presetFunction;
193
194 // Create empty type mapping
195 183031 TypeMapping &typeMapping = candidate.typeMapping;
196
197 183031 bool forceSubstantiation = false;
198
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 183031 const MatchResult matchResult = matchManifestation(candidate, matchScope, reqName, reqThisType, reqArgs, typeMapping,
199 strictQualifierMatching, forceSubstantiation, nullptr);
200
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 183031 if (matchResult == MatchResult::SKIP_FUNCTION)
201 149776 break; // Leave the whole function
202
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 33255 if (matchResult == MatchResult::SKIP_MANIFESTATION)
203 27286 continue; // Leave this manifestation and try the next one
204
205 // Add to matches
206
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 5969 matches.push_back(&matchScope->functions.at(defCodeLocStr).at(signature));
207
208 5969 break; // Leave the whole manifestation list to not double-match the manifestation
209
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 183031 }
210 }
211
212 // Return the very match or a nullptr
213
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 38736 return !matches.empty() ? matches.front() : nullptr;
214 53620 }
215
216 /**
217 * Check if there is a function in the scope, fulfilling all given requirements and if found, return it.
218 * If more than one function matches the requirement, an error gets thrown.
219 *
220 * @param matchScope Scope to match against
221 * @param reqName Function name requirement
222 * @param reqThisType This type requirement
223 * @param reqArgs Argument requirement
224 * @param templateTypeHints Template type requirement
225 * @param strictQualifierMatching Match argument and this type qualifiers strictly
226 * @param callNode Call AST node for printing error messages
227 * @return Matched function or nullptr
228 */
229 605965 Function *FunctionManager::match(Scope *matchScope, const std::string &reqName, const QualType &reqThisType,
230 const ArgList &reqArgs, const QualTypeList &templateTypeHints, bool strictQualifierMatching,
231 const ASTNode *callNode) {
232
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 605965 assert(reqThisType.isOneOf({TY_DYN, TY_STRUCT, TY_INTERFACE}));
233
234 // Do cache lookup
235 605965 const uint64_t cacheKey = getCacheKey(matchScope, reqName, reqThisType, reqArgs, templateTypeHints);
236
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 605965 if (const auto it = lookupCache.find(cacheKey); it != lookupCache.end()) {
237 77901 lookupCacheHits++;
238 77901 return it->second;
239 }
240 528064 lookupCacheMisses++;
241
242 // Loop over function registry to find functions, that match the requirements of the call
243 528064 std::vector<Function *> matches;
244
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 6938680 for (auto &[fctId, manifestations] : matchScope->functions) {
245
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 6827350 for (const auto &[signature, presetFunction] : manifestations) {
246
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 6511444 assert(presetFunction.hasSubstantiatedParams()); // No optional params are allowed at this point
247
248 // Skip generic and newly inserted substantiations to prevent double matching of a function
249
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 6511444 if (presetFunction.isGenericSubstantiation() || presetFunction.isNewlyInserted)
250 416732 continue;
251
252 // Copy the function to be able to substantiate types
253
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 6417103 Function candidate = presetFunction;
254
255 // Prepare type mapping, based on the given initial type mapping
256 6417103 TypeMapping &typeMapping = candidate.typeMapping;
257 6417103 typeMapping.clear();
258
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 6527286 for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(templateTypeHints.size(), candidate.templateTypes.size()); i++) {
259 // Skip template slots that are not generic (anymore). The default members of an already-concrete struct
260 // manifestation carry the concrete types in their template type list, and only generic types have a sub type
261 // usable as a mapping key here - getSubType() would assert on e.g. a primitive or a 'heap byte*'.
262
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 110183 const GenericType &candidateTemplateType = candidate.templateTypes.at(i);
263
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 110183 if (!candidateTemplateType.is(TY_GENERIC))
264 1180 continue;
265
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 109003 const std::string &typeName = candidateTemplateType.getSubType();
266
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 109003 const QualType &templateType = templateTypeHints.at(i);
267
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 109003 typeMapping.emplace(typeName, templateType);
268 }
269
270 6417103 bool forceSubstantiation = false;
271
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 6417103 const MatchResult matchResult = matchManifestation(candidate, matchScope, reqName, reqThisType, reqArgs, typeMapping,
272 strictQualifierMatching, forceSubstantiation, callNode);
273
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 6417101 if (matchResult == MatchResult::SKIP_FUNCTION)
274 6073453 break; // Leave the whole function
275
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 343648 if (matchResult == MatchResult::SKIP_MANIFESTATION)
276 290582 continue; // Leave this manifestation and try the next one
277
278 // We found a match! -> Set the actual candidate and its entry to used
279 53066 candidate.used = true;
280 53066 candidate.entry->used = true;
281
282 // Check if the function is generic needs to be substantiated
283
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 53066 if (presetFunction.templateTypes.empty() && !forceSubstantiation) {
284
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 31809 assert(matchScope->functions.contains(fctId) && matchScope->functions.at(fctId).contains(signature));
285
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 31809 Function *match = &matchScope->functions.at(fctId).at(signature);
286 31809 match->used = true;
287
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 31809 matches.push_back(match);
288 31809 continue; // Match was successful -> match the next function
289 31809 }
290
291 // Check if we already have this manifestation and can simply re-use it. matchManifestation may have redirected
292 // matchScope from the generic struct scope to the concrete manifestation scope; the substantiation is inserted
293 // there, so that is also where an already existing one has to be looked for. Searching the manifestation list we
294 // are currently iterating instead would miss it and insert a duplicate (which insertSubstantiation then reports
295 // as 'declared twice').
296
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 21257 const std::string newSignature = candidate.getSignature(true, true, false, true);
297
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 21257 if (Function *existingManifestation = findManifestationBySignature(matchScope, newSignature)) {
298 2237 existingManifestation->used = true;
299
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 2237 matches.push_back(existingManifestation);
300 2237 break; // Leave the whole manifestation list to not double-match the manifestation
301 }
302
303 // Insert the substantiated version if required
304
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 19020 Function *substantiatedFunction = insertSubstantiation(matchScope, candidate, presetFunction.declNode);
305
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 19020 substantiatedFunction->genericPreset = &matchScope->functions.at(fctId).at(signature);
306 19020 substantiatedFunction->alreadyTypeChecked = false;
307
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 19020 substantiatedFunction->declNode->getFctManifestations(reqName)->push_back(substantiatedFunction);
308 19020 substantiatedFunction->isNewlyInserted = true; // To not iterate over it in the same matching
309
310 // Copy function entry
311
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 19020 const std::string newScopeName = substantiatedFunction->getScopeName();
312
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 19020 matchScope->lookupStrict(presetFunction.entry->name)->used = true;
313
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 19020 substantiatedFunction->entry = matchScope->symbolTable.copySymbol(presetFunction.entry->name, newScopeName);
314
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 19020 assert(substantiatedFunction->entry != nullptr);
315
316 // Copy function scope. Interface method declarations have no body and therefore no child scope to copy - only
317 // their signature needs to be substantiated for call-site type checking, so skip this step for them.
318
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 19020 const std::string oldScopeName = presetFunction.getScopeName();
319
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 19020 if (matchScope->children.contains(oldScopeName)) {
320
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 19008 Scope *childScope = matchScope->copyChildScope(oldScopeName, newScopeName);
321
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 19008 assert(childScope != nullptr);
322 19008 childScope->isGenericScope = false;
323 19008 substantiatedFunction->bodyScope = childScope;
324
325 // Insert symbols for generic type names with concrete types into the child block
326
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 41492 for (const auto &[typeName, concreteType] : substantiatedFunction->typeMapping)
327
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 22484 childScope->insertGenericType(typeName, GenericType(concreteType));
328
329 // Substantiate the 'this' entry in the new function scope
330
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 19008 if (presetFunction.isMethod() && !presetFunction.templateTypes.empty()) {
331
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 40422 SymbolTableEntry *thisEntry = childScope->lookupStrict(THIS_VARIABLE_NAME);
332
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 13474 assert(thisEntry != nullptr);
333
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 13474 thisEntry->updateType(candidate.thisType.toPtr(callNode), /*overwriteExistingType=*/true);
334 }
335 }
336
337 // Add to matched functions
338
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 19020 matches.push_back(substantiatedFunction);
339
340 19020 break; // Leave the whole manifestation list to not double-match the manifestation
341
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 6438360 }
342 }
343
344 // If no matches were found, return a nullptr
345
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 528062 if (matches.empty())
346 475018 return nullptr;
347
348 // Tie-breaking: if multiple candidates match, narrow them by qualifier specificity and by preferring
349 // explicitly declared overloads over generic substitutions (see breakOverloadTie).
350
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 53044 breakOverloadTie(matches, reqArgs);
351
352 // Check if more than one function matches the requirements
353
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 53044 if (matches.size() > 1) {
354 ✗ std::stringstream errorMessage;
355 ✗ errorMessage << "The function/procedure '" << reqName << "' is ambiguous. All of the following match the requested criteria:";
356 ✗ for (const Function *match : matches)
357 ✗ errorMessage << "\n " << match->getSignature();
358 ✗ throw SemanticError(callNode, FUNCTION_AMBIGUITY, errorMessage.str());
359 ✗ }
360 53044 Function *matchedFunction = matches.front();
361 53044 matchedFunction->isNewlyInserted = false;
362
363 // Insert into cache
364
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 53044 lookupCache[cacheKey] = matchedFunction;
365
366 // Trigger revisit in type checker if required
367
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 53044 TypeChecker::requestRevisitIfRequired(matchedFunction);
368
369 // Return the very match
370 53044 return matchedFunction;
371 528064 }
372
373 6600134 MatchResult FunctionManager::matchManifestation(Function &candidate, Scope *&matchScope, const std::string &reqName,
374 const QualType &reqThisType, const ArgList &reqArgs, TypeMapping &typeMapping,
375 bool strictQualifierMatching, bool &forceSubstantiation,
376 const ASTNode *callNode) {
377 // Check name requirement
378
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 6600134 if (!matchName(candidate, reqName))
379 6223229 return MatchResult::SKIP_FUNCTION; // Leave the whole manifestation list, because all have the same name
380
381 // Check 'this' type requirement
382
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 376905 if (!matchThisType(candidate, reqThisType, typeMapping, strictQualifierMatching, callNode))
383 ✗ return MatchResult::SKIP_MANIFESTATION; // Leave this manifestation and try the next one
384
385 // Check arg types requirement
386
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 376905 if (!matchArgTypes(candidate, reqArgs, typeMapping, strictQualifierMatching, forceSubstantiation, callNode))
387 317864 return MatchResult::SKIP_MANIFESTATION; // Leave this manifestation and try the next one
388
389 // Check if there are unresolved generic types. Only template slots that actually are generic have to be resolved into
390 // the type mapping - a slot that already holds a concrete type (as for the default members of an already-concrete
391 // struct manifestation, e.g. HashEntry<int, String>::dtor()) never ends up there and must not count as unresolved.
392 28476 const auto isGeneric = [](const GenericType &templateType) { return templateType.is(TY_GENERIC); };
393
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 59039 if (typeMapping.size() < static_cast<size_t>(std::ranges::count_if(candidate.templateTypes, isGeneric)))
394 4 return MatchResult::SKIP_MANIFESTATION; // Leave this manifestation and try the next one
395
396 // Substantiate return type
397
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 59035 substantiateReturnType(candidate, typeMapping, callNode);
398
399 // Set the match scope to the scope of the concrete substantiation
400 59035 const QualType &thisType = candidate.thisType;
401
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 59035 if (!thisType.is(TY_DYN)) {
402 // If we only have the generic struct scope, lookup the concrete manifestation scope
403
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 34073 if (matchScope->isGenericScope) {
404
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 54 const Struct *spiceStruct = thisType.getStruct(candidate.declNode);
405
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 54 assert(spiceStruct != nullptr);
406 54 matchScope = spiceStruct->scope;
407 }
408
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 34073 candidate.thisType = candidate.thisType.getWithBodyScope(matchScope);
409 }
410
411 59035 return MatchResult::MATCHED;
412 }
413
414 /**
415 * Checks if the matching candidate fulfills the name requirement
416 *
417 * @param candidate Matching candidate function
418 * @param reqName Requested function name
419 * @return Fulfilled or not
420 */
421 6600134 bool FunctionManager::matchName(const Function &candidate, const std::string &reqName) { return candidate.name == reqName; }
422
423 /**
424 * Checks if the matching candidate fulfills the 'this' type requirement
425 *
426 * @param candidate Matching candidate function
427 * @param reqThisType Requested 'this' type
428 * @param typeMapping Concrete template type mapping
429 * @param strictQualifierMatching Match qualifiers strictly
430 * @param callNode Call AST node for printing error messages
431 * @return Fulfilled or not
432 */
433 376905 bool FunctionManager::matchThisType(Function &candidate, const QualType &reqThisType, TypeMapping &typeMapping,
434 bool strictQualifierMatching, const ASTNode *callNode) {
435 376905 QualType &candidateThisType = candidate.thisType;
436
437 // Shortcut for procedures
438
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 376905 if (candidateThisType.is(TY_DYN) && reqThisType.is(TY_DYN))
439 283391 return true;
440
441 // Give the type matcher a way to retrieve instances of GenericType by their name
442 205687 TypeMatcher::ResolverFct genericTypeResolver = [&](const std::string &genericTypeName) {
443 18659 return getGenericTypeOfCandidateByName(candidate, genericTypeName);
444 93514 };
445
446 // Check if the requested 'this' type matches the candidate 'this' type. The type mapping may be extended
447
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 93514 if (!TypeMatcher::matchRequestedToCandidateType(candidateThisType, reqThisType, typeMapping, genericTypeResolver,
448 strictQualifierMatching))
449 ✗ return false;
450
451 // Substantiate the candidate param type, based on the type mapping
452
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 93514 if (candidateThisType.hasAnyGenericParts())
453
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 21096 TypeMatcher::substantiateTypeWithTypeMapping(candidateThisType, typeMapping, callNode);
454
455 93514 return true;
456 93514 }
457
458 /**
459 * Checks if the matching candidate fulfills the argument types requirement
460 *
461 * @param candidate Matching candidate function
462 * @param reqArgs Requested argument types
463 * @param typeMapping Concrete template type mapping
464 * @param strictQualifierMatching Match qualifiers strictly
465 * @param needsSubstantiation We want to create a substantiation after successfully matching
466 * @param callNode Call AST node for printing error messages
467 * @return Fulfilled or not
468 */
469 376905 bool FunctionManager::matchArgTypes(Function &candidate, const ArgList &reqArgs, TypeMapping &typeMapping,
470 bool strictQualifierMatching, bool &needsSubstantiation, const ASTNode *callNode) {
471 376905 std::vector<Param> &candidateParamList = candidate.paramList;
472
473 // If the number of arguments does not match with the number of params, the matching fails
474
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 376905 if (!candidate.isVararg && reqArgs.size() != candidateParamList.size())
475 38850 return false;
476 // In the case of a vararg function, we only disallow fewer arguments than parameters
477
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 338055 if (candidate.isVararg && reqArgs.size() < candidateParamList.size())
478 ✗ return false;
479
480 // Give the type matcher a way to retrieve instances of GenericType by their name
481 699675 TypeMatcher::ResolverFct genericTypeResolver = [&](const std::string &genericTypeName) {
482 23565 return getGenericTypeOfCandidateByName(candidate, genericTypeName);
483 338055 };
484
485 // Loop over all parameters
486
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 422177 for (size_t i = 0; i < reqArgs.size(); i++) {
487 // In the case of a vararg function candidate, we can accept additional arguments, that are not defined in the candidate,
488 // but we need to modify the candidate param list to accept them
489
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 363138 if (candidate.isVararg && i >= candidateParamList.size()) {
490
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 3483 candidateParamList.push_back(Param(reqArgs.at(i).first, false));
491 3483 needsSubstantiation = true; // We need to modify the candidate param types
492 3483 continue;
493 }
494
495 // Retrieve actual and requested types
496
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 359655 assert(!candidateParamList.at(i).isOptional);
497
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 359655 QualType &candidateType = candidateParamList.at(i).qualType;
498
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 359655 const auto &[requestedType, isArgTemporary] = reqArgs.at(i);
499
500 // Check if the requested param type matches the candidate param type. The type mapping may be extended
501
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 359655 if (!TypeMatcher::matchRequestedToCandidateType(candidateType, requestedType, typeMapping, genericTypeResolver,
502 strictQualifierMatching))
503 279014 return false;
504
505 // Substantiate the candidate param type, based on the type mapping
506
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 80641 if (candidateType.hasAnyGenericParts())
507
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 17339 TypeMatcher::substantiateTypeWithTypeMapping(candidateType, typeMapping, callNode);
508
509 // Check if we try to bind a non-ref temporary to a non-const ref parameter
510
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 80641 if (!candidateType.canBind(requestedType, isArgTemporary)) {
511
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 2 if (callNode)
512
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 6 throw SemanticError(callNode, TEMP_TO_NON_CONST_REF, "Temporary values can only be bound to const reference parameters");
513 ✗ return false;
514 }
515
516 // If we have a function/procedure type we need to take care of the information, if it takes captures
517
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 80639 if (requestedType.getBase().isOneOf({TY_FUNCTION, TY_PROCEDURE}) && requestedType.hasLambdaCaptures()) {
518
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 50 candidateType = candidateType.getWithLambdaCaptures();
519 50 needsSubstantiation = true;
520 }
521 }
522
523 59039 return true;
524 338055 }
525
526 /**
527 * Substantiates the candidate return type, based on the given type mapping
528 *
529 * @param candidate Matching candidate function
530 * @param typeMapping Concrete template type mapping
531 * @param callNode AST node for error messages
532 */
533 59035 void FunctionManager::substantiateReturnType(Function &candidate, const TypeMapping &typeMapping, const ASTNode *callNode) {
534
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 59035 if (candidate.returnType.hasAnyGenericParts())
535 5088 TypeMatcher::substantiateTypeWithTypeMapping(candidate.returnType, typeMapping, callNode);
536 59035 }
537
538 /**
539 * Searches the candidate template types for a generic type object with a certain name and return it
540 *
541 * @param candidate Matching candidate function
542 * @param templateTypeName Template type name
543 * @return Generic type object
544 */
545 42224 const GenericType *FunctionManager::getGenericTypeOfCandidateByName(const Function &candidate,
546 const std::string &templateTypeName) {
547
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 89398 for (const GenericType &templateType : candidate.templateTypes) {
548
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 47174 if (templateType.getSubType() == templateTypeName)
549 42224 return &templateType;
550 }
551 ✗ return nullptr;
552 }
553
554 /**
555 * Narrow a multi-match overload set by preferring the candidate whose parameter qualifiers most closely match
556 * the argument qualifiers. This resolves the typical copy-vs-move ctor ambiguity where both a `const T&`
557 * (copy) and a `T&` (move) ctor match a non-const lvalue argument - we prefer the non-const-ref candidate
558 * (move) since it requires no constification. When the argument is const, we prefer the const-ref candidate
559 * (copy) since binding to a non-const ref would require const-loss. As a secondary criterion, an explicitly
560 * declared (non-generic) overload is preferred over a generic substitution that matches equally well.
561 *
562 * Modifies `matches` in place, removing any candidate that scores worse than the best one. A no-op if there
563 * are fewer than two candidates.
564 *
565 * @param matches Candidate list to narrow
566 * @param reqArgs Argument list from the call site
567 */
568 53044 void FunctionManager::breakOverloadTie(std::vector<Function *> &matches, const ArgList &reqArgs) {
569
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 53044 if (matches.size() < 2)
570 53022 return;
571
572 22 constexpr int CONSTIFY_PENALTY = 1;
573 22 constexpr int CONST_LOSS_PENALTY = 100;
574 // An exact type match is always preferred over a match that required an implicit upcast (struct to
575 // implemented interface, or struct to composed base struct). This keeps e.g. 'f(Derived)' preferred
576 // over 'f(Base)' when called with a Derived, instead of reporting an ambiguity.
577 22 constexpr int UPCAST_PENALTY = 1000;
578 110 const auto scoreSpecificity = [&](const Function *f) {
579 88 int penalty = 0;
580
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 192 for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(reqArgs.size(), f->paramList.size()); i++) {
581
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 104 const QualType &paramType = f->paramList.at(i).qualType;
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 104 const QualType &argType = reqArgs.at(i).first;
583
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 104 const bool paramIsConst = paramType.removeReferenceWrapper().isConst();
584
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 104 const bool argIsConst = argType.removeReferenceWrapper().isConst();
585
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 104 if (paramIsConst && !argIsConst)
586 40 penalty += CONSTIFY_PENALTY;
587
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 64 else if (!paramIsConst && argIsConst)
588 8 penalty += CONST_LOSS_PENALTY;
589 // Penalize matches that were only possible through an implicit upcast
590 104 QualType paramBase = paramType;
591 104 QualType argBase = argType;
592
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 104 QualType::unwrapBothWithRefWrappers(paramBase, argBase);
593
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 104 if (!paramBase.matches(argBase, true, true, true))
594 ✗ penalty += UPCAST_PENALTY;
595 }
596 88 return penalty;
597 22 };
598
599 22 int bestScore = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
600
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 88 for (const Function *m : matches)
601
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 44 bestScore = std::min(bestScore, scoreSpecificity(m));
602 22 std::vector<Function *> filtered;
603
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 22 filtered.reserve(matches.size());
604
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 88 for (Function *m : matches)
605
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 44 if (scoreSpecificity(m) == bestScore)
606
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 32 filtered.push_back(m);
607 22 matches = std::move(filtered);
608
609 // Secondary tie-break: prefer an explicitly declared (non-generic) overload over a generic substitution
610 // when both match equally well, mirroring C++ overload resolution where a non-template wins over a
611 // template specialization. This resolves e.g. the copy ctor 'Any.ctor(const Any&)' vs. the value ctor
612 // 'Any.ctor<Any>(const Any&)' ambiguity when copy-constructing from another value of the same type. It is
613 // applied after the qualifier-specificity narrowing above, so a more specific generic match still wins.
614 // A generic substitution that loses here and was only inserted for this very match is removed from its
615 // declaration's manifestation list again, so the IR generator never emits a manifestation that was never
616 // type-checked (and so we leave no dead code behind).
617
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 40 if (matches.size() > 1 && std::ranges::any_of(matches, [](const Function *m) { return !m->isGenericSubstantiation(); })) {
618
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 40 for (Function *m : matches)
619
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 20 if (m->isGenericSubstantiation() && m->isNewlyInserted)
620
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 10 std::erase(*m->declNode->getFctManifestations(m->name), m);
621
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 30 std::erase_if(matches, [](const Function *m) { return m->isGenericSubstantiation(); });
622 }
623 22 }
624
625 /**
626 * Calculate the cache key for the function lookup cache
627 *
628 * @param scope Scope to match against
629 * @param name Function name requirement
630 * @param thisType This type requirement
631 * @param args Argument requirement
632 * @param templateTypes Template type requirement
633 * @return Cache key
634 */
635 659585 uint64_t FunctionManager::getCacheKey(const Scope *scope, const std::string &name, const QualType &thisType, const ArgList &args,
636 const QualTypeList &templateTypes) {
637 659585 uint64_t hash = 0;
638 659585 hashCombine64(hash, hashPointer(scope));
639 659585 hashCombine64(hash, std::hash<std::string>{}(name));
640 659585 hashCombine64(hash, std::hash<QualType>{}(thisType));
641
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 3468946 for (const auto &[first, second] : args) {
642 1074888 hashCombine64(hash, std::hash<QualType>{}(first));
643 1074888 hashCombine64(hash, std::hash<bool>{}(second));
644 }
645 659585 hashCombine64(hash, hashVector(templateTypes));
646 659585 return hash;
647 }
648
649 17877 bool FunctionManager::hasCtor(const Scope *matchScope, CtorKind kind) {
650
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 157041 for (const auto &manifestations : matchScope->functions | std::views::values) {
651
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 292659 for (const auto &function : manifestations | std::views::values) {
652 // If it is no ctor, skip it
653
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 153495 if (function.name != CTOR_FUNCTION_NAME)
654 117686 continue;
655 // Classify the ctor based on its parameter list
656
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 43395 const bool singleSelfRefParam = function.paramList.size() == 1 && function.paramList.at(0).qualType.isRef() &&
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 7586 function.paramList.at(0).qualType.getBase() == function.thisType;
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 35809 const bool isCopyCtor = singleSelfRefParam && function.paramList.at(0).qualType.isConstRef();
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 35809 const bool isMoveCtor = singleSelfRefParam && !function.paramList.at(0).qualType.isConstRef();
660
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 35809 switch (kind) {
661 29155 case CtorKind::COPY:
662
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 29155 if (isCopyCtor)
663 5371 return true;
664 25414 break;
665 4836 case CtorKind::MOVE:
666
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 4836 if (isMoveCtor)
667 8 return true;
668 4828 break;
669 1818 case CtorKind::ANY_NON_COPY_NON_MOVE:
670
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 1818 if (!isCopyCtor && !isMoveCtor)
671 1622 return true;
672 196 break;
673 }
674 }
675 }
676 12506 return false;
677 }
678
679 1690 bool FunctionManager::hasAnyCtor(const Scope *matchScope) {
680
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 3876 for (const auto &manifestations : matchScope->functions | std::views::values)
681
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 4436 for (const auto &function : manifestations | std::views::values)
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 2250 if (function.name == CTOR_FUNCTION_NAME)
683 ✗ return true;
684 1690 return false;
685 }
686
687 1860 bool FunctionManager::hasAnyNonCopyCtor(const Scope *matchScope) { return hasCtor(matchScope, CtorKind::ANY_NON_COPY_NON_MOVE); }
688
689 13179 bool FunctionManager::hasCopyCtor(const Scope *matchScope) { return hasCtor(matchScope, CtorKind::COPY); }
690
691 2830 bool FunctionManager::hasUserCopyCtor(const Scope *matchScope) {
692
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 17437 for (const auto &manifestations : matchScope->functions | std::views::values) {
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 30536 for (const auto &function : manifestations | std::views::values) {
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 15929 if (function.name != CTOR_FUNCTION_NAME || function.implicitDefault)
695 11830 continue;
696
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 4637 const bool isCopyCtor = function.paramList.size() == 1 && function.paramList.at(0).qualType.isConstRef() &&
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 538 function.paramList.at(0).qualType.getBase() == function.thisType;
698
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 4099 if (isCopyCtor)
699 402 return true;
700 }
701 }
702 2428 return false;
703 }
704
705 2838 bool FunctionManager::hasMoveCtor(const Scope *matchScope) { return hasCtor(matchScope, CtorKind::MOVE); }
706
707 16890 Function *FunctionManager::findMoveCtor(Scope *matchScope) {
708
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 196691 for (auto &manifestations : matchScope->functions | std::views::values) {
709
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 412137 for (auto &function : manifestations | std::views::values) {
710
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 232336 if (function.name != CTOR_FUNCTION_NAME)
711 183369 continue;
712
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 81850 const bool isMoveCtor = function.paramList.size() == 1 && function.paramList.at(0).qualType.isRef() &&
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 84941 !function.paramList.at(0).qualType.isConstRef() &&
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 3091 function.paramList.at(0).qualType.getBase() == function.thisType;
715
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 48967 if (isMoveCtor)
716 345 return &function;
717 }
718 }
719 16545 return nullptr;
720 }
721
722 22 bool FunctionManager::hasDefaultCtor(const Scope *matchScope) {
723
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 84 for (const auto &manifestations : matchScope->functions | std::views::values)
724
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 146 for (const auto &function : manifestations | std::views::values)
725
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 84 if (function.name == CTOR_FUNCTION_NAME && function.paramList.empty())
726 22 return true;
727 ✗ return false;
728 }
729
730 33045 bool FunctionManager::hasDtor(const Scope *matchScope) {
731
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 298731 for (const auto &manifestations : matchScope->functions | std::views::values)
732
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 567736 for (const auto &function : manifestations | std::views::values)
733
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 302050 if (function.name == DTOR_FUNCTION_NAME)
734 12306 return true;
735 20739 return false;
736 }
737
738 /**
739 * Clear the lookup cache
740 */
741 1331 void FunctionManager::cleanup() {
742 1331 lookupCache.clear();
743 1331 lookupCacheHits = 0;
744 1331 lookupCacheMisses = 0;
745 1331 }
746
747 /**
748 * Dump usage statistics for the lookup cache
749 */
750 755 std::string FunctionManager::dumpLookupCacheStatistics() {
751
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 755 std::stringstream stats;
752
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 755 stats << "FunctionManager lookup cache statistics:" << std::endl;
753
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 755 stats << " lookup cache entries: " << lookupCache.size() << std::endl;
754
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 755 stats << " lookup cache hits: " << lookupCacheHits << std::endl;
755
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 755 stats << " lookup cache misses: " << lookupCacheMisses << std::endl;
756
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 1510 return stats.str();
757 755 }
758
759 } // namespace spice::compiler
760